超高温陶瓷材料耐温性能优异, 但本征脆性和较差的抗热冲击性能一直都是限制其进一步工程应用的主要障碍。石墨烯作为一种碳原子排列成蜂窝结构的二维纳米材料, 具有优异的力学、电学和热学性能, 常被作为添加相来改性陶瓷基体, 使其成为陶瓷复合材料中理想的增韧材料, 实现复合材料的功能化和结构化。本文对石墨烯/超高温陶瓷基复合材料的制备工艺、仿生构筑、微观形貌、宏观性能等方面的研究成果进行了全面的综述, 着重论述了石墨烯对超高温陶瓷基体的增韧作用效果及机理、热学性能、抗热震性能、抗氧化性能的影响, 并对目前面临的挑战和未来发展进行展望。

A four-channel Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope working at multiple energy bands is developed for multiframe X-ray imaging diagnostics at the Shenguang-II laser facility. The response to the multiple energy bands is realized by coating the double-periodic multilayers on the reflected surfaces of the microscope. Because of the limited size of the microstrips in the X-ray framing camera, the image separation is controlled by the conical angle of the reference cores during microscope assembly. This study describes the optical and multilayer design, assembly, and alignment of the developed microscope. The microscope achieves a spatial resolution of 4–5 mm in the laboratory and 10–20 mm at Shenguang-II laser facility within a 300 mm field of view. The versatile nature of the developed microscope enables the multiple microscopes currently installed in the laser facility to be replaced with a single, multipurpose microscope.

A time-resolved multispectral X-ray imaging approach with new version of multi-channel Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) microscope is developed for laser plasma diagnostics at the kilojoule-class Shenguang-II laser facility (SG-II). The microscope uses a total external reflection mirror in the sagittal direction and an array of multilayer mirrors in the tangential direction to obtain multiple individual high-resolution, highthroughput, and quasi-monochromatic X-ray images. The time evolution of the imploded target in multiple X-ray energy bands can be acquired when coupled with an X-ray streak camera. The experimental result of the time-resolved 2.5 and 3.0 keV dual-spectral self-emission imaging of the undoped CH shell target on SG-II is given.

A four-channel multilayer Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) microscope is developed for the 8-keV X-ray imaging of experiments on laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF). A periodic multilayer that works at 8 keV and with a grazing incidence angle of 1.0o is coated on reflective surfaces to achieve a spatial resolution higher than 5 \mu m and an effective solid angle higher than ~10-7 sr. A precise assembly is realized by a conical reference cone to couple with an X-ray framing camera. This study provides detailed information on an optical and multilayer design, assembly method, and experimental results with a Cu X-ray tube. The instrument provides a high-resolution and high-throughput X-ray image for backlit or self-emission imaging of laser plasma at Cu K\alpha line radiation in Shenguang series laser facilities.

Reflection filters have various applications in optical communication and other systems. In this letter, we propose a narrowband high-reflection filter composed of dielectric and metallic layers, in which an optimized filter combined with an admittance-matching layer with broad stop band is achieved. The structure can be expressed as Sub j (HL)13H2L(HL)313Cr0.84H j air, with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 2.5 nm. Based on this structure, reflection filters with multi-peaks are presented, and the law of distribution of peak positions is drawn.

制备低亚表面损伤的超光滑光学基底，是获得高损伤阈值薄膜的前提条件。针对石英材料在不同加工工序中引入亚表面损伤层的差异，首先利用共焦显微成像结合光散射的层析扫描技术，对W10和W5牌号SiC磨料研磨后的亚表面缺陷进行了检测，讨论了缺陷尺寸与散射信号强度、磨料粒径与损伤层深度间的对应关系；同时，采用化学腐蚀处理技术对抛光后样品的亚表面形貌进行了刻蚀研究，分析了化学反应生成物和亚表面缺陷对刻蚀速率的影响、不同深度下亚表面缺陷的分布特征，以及均方根粗糙度与刻蚀深度间的联系。根据各道加工工艺的不同采用了相应的亚表面检测技术，由此来确定下一道加工工序,合理的去除深度，最终获得了极低亚表面损伤的超光滑光学基底。

We propose and demonstrate two types of narrowband multi-channel filters: transmittance-integrated narrow-bandpass filter arrays and reflectance narrowband multi-channel filters. We develop a combinatorial etching technique possessing 32 elements on a single substrate with which to fabricate these integrated narrow bandpass filters. Double-chamber integrated optical filter arrays are fabricated by use of this etching technique. Reflectance can be achieved by combining metal and dielectric materials. These narrowband multi-channel filters and narrow bandpass filter arrays show good filtering features and can be utilized in many optical applications.

A non-destructive technique for subsurface measurements is proposed by combining light scattering method with laser confocal scanning tomography. The depth and distribution of subsurface defect layers are represented in term of scattered light intensity pattern, and three types of fused silica specimens are fabricated by different grinding and polishing processes to verify the validity and effectiveness. By using the direct measurement method with such technique, micron-scale cracks and scratches can be easily distinguished, and the instructional subsurface defect depths of 55, 15, and 4 \mu m are given in real time allowing for an in-process observation and detection.